11.3 Keywords and Reserved Words

11.3 Keywords and Reserved Words

Keyword는 SQL에서 의미를 가지는 단어입니다. SELECT, DELETE, BIGINT와 같은 특정 keyword는 예약어이며, 테이블 및 컬럼 이름과 같은 식별자로 사용할 때 특별한 처리가 필요합니다. 이러한 내용은 내장 함수 이름에도 해당될 수 있습니다.

대부분의 비예약 keyword는 따옴표 없이 식별자로 사용하는 것이 허용됩니다. 일반적으로 비예약으로 간주되지만, 역할, 저장 프로그램 레이블, 또는 경우에 따라 둘 다에 대해 따옴표 없는 식별자로 사용하는 것이 제한되는 keyword도 있습니다. 이러한 keyword 목록에 대해서는 MySQL 9.5 Restricted Keywords를 참조하십시오.

예약어는 Section 11.2, “Schema Object Names”에 설명된 대로 따옴표로 감싸면 식별자로 사용할 수 있습니다:

1mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
2ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax ...
3near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'

BEGIN과 END는 keyword이지만 예약어는 아니므로, 식별자로 사용할 때 따옴표가 필요하지 않습니다. INTERVAL은 예약 keyword이므로 식별자로 사용하려면 따옴표로 감싸야 합니다:

1mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
2Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

예외: 정규화된 이름에서 마침표 뒤에 오는 단어는 식별자여야 하므로, 예약어라 하더라도 따옴표로 감쌀 필요가 없습니다:

1mysql> CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT);
2Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

내장 함수의 이름은 식별자로 사용하는 것이 허용되지만, 그렇게 사용할 때 주의가 필요할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, COUNT는 컬럼 이름으로 허용됩니다. 그러나 기본적으로, 함수 호출에서는 함수 이름과 그 뒤에 오는 ( 문자 사이에 공백이 허용되지 않습니다. 이러한 요구 사항은 파서가 그 이름이 함수 호출에 사용되는지, 비함수 컨텍스트에서 사용되는지를 구분할 수 있도록 합니다. 함수 이름 인식에 대한 추가 상세 내용은 Section 11.2.5, “Function Name Parsing and Resolution”을 참조하십시오.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEYWORDS 테이블은 MySQL에서 keyword로 간주되는 단어와, 그것이 예약어인지 여부를 나열합니다. Section 28.3.17, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEYWORDS Table”을 참조하십시오.

• MySQL 9.5 Keywords and Reserved Words

• MySQL 9.5 New Keywords and Reserved Words

• MySQL 9.5 Removed Keywords and Reserved Words

• MySQL 9.5 Restricted Keywords

MySQL 9.5 Keywords and Reserved Words

다음 목록은 MySQL 9.5에서 keyword 및 예약어와, 버전별로 각 단어에 대해 발생한 변경 사항을 함께 보여줍니다. 예약 keyword는 (R)로 표시됩니다. 추가로 _FILENAME은 예약어입니다.

어느 시점에서든 더 높은 버전으로 업그레이드할 수 있으므로, 향후 예약어도 확인해 두는 것이 좋습니다. 이러한 예약어는 더 높은 버전의 MySQL을 다루는 매뉴얼에서 확인할 수 있습니다. 목록의 대부분 예약어는 컬럼 또는 테이블 이름으로 사용하는 것이 표준 SQL에 의해 금지됩니다(예: GROUP). 일부는 MySQL에서 필요로 하며 yacc 파서를 사용하기 때문에 예약어입니다.

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A

• ABSENT

• ACCESSIBLE (R)

• ACCOUNT

• ACTION

• ACTIVE

• ADD (R)

• ADMIN

• AFTER

• AGAINST

• AGGREGATE

• ALGORITHM

• ALL (R)

• ALLOW_MISSING_FILES

• ALTER (R)

• ALWAYS

• ANALYZE (R)

• AND (R)

• ANY

• ARRAY

• AS (R)

• ASC (R)

• ASCII

• ASENSITIVE (R)

• AT

• ATTRIBUTE

• AUTHENTICATION

• AUTO

• AUTOEXTEND_SIZE

• AUTO_INCREMENT

• AUTO_REFRESH

• AUTO_REFRESH_SOURCE

• AVG

• AVG_ROW_LENGTH

B

• BACKUP

• BEFORE (R)

• BEGIN

• BERNOULLI

• BETWEEN (R)

• BIGINT (R)

• BINARY (R)

• BINLOG

• BIT

• BLOB (R)

• BLOCK

• BOOL

• BOOLEAN

• BOTH (R)

• BTREE

• BUCKETS

• BULK

• BY (R)

• BYTE

C

• CACHE

• CALL (R)

• CASCADE (R)

• CASCADED

• CASE (R)

• CATALOG_NAME

• CHAIN

• CHALLENGE_RESPONSE

• CHANGE (R)

• CHANGED

• CHANNEL

• CHAR (R)

• CHARACTER (R)

• CHARSET

• CHECK (R)

• CHECKSUM

• CIPHER

• CLASS_ORIGIN

• CLIENT

• CLONE

• CLOSE

• COALESCE

• CODE

• COLLATE (R)

• COLLATION

• COLUMN (R)

• COLUMNS

• COLUMN_FORMAT

• COLUMN_NAME

• COMMENT

• COMMIT

• COMMITTED

• COMPACT

• COMPLETION

• COMPONENT

• COMPRESSED

• COMPRESSION

• CONCURRENT

• CONDITION (R)

• CONNECTION

• CONSISTENT

• CONSTRAINT (R)

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG

• CONSTRAINT_NAME

• CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA

• CONTAINS

• CONTEXT

• CONTINUE (R)

• CONVERT (R)

• CPU

• CREATE (R)

• CROSS (R)

• CUBE (R)

• CUME_DIST (R)

• CURRENT

• CURRENT_DATE (R)

• CURRENT_TIME (R)

• CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)

• CURRENT_USER (R)

• CURSOR (R)

• CURSOR_NAME

D

• DATA

• DATABASE (R)

• DATABASES (R)

• DATAFILE

• DATE

• DATETIME

• DAY

• DAY_HOUR (R)

• DAY_MICROSECOND (R)

• DAY_MINUTE (R)

• DAY_SECOND (R)

• DEALLOCATE

• DEC (R)

• DECIMAL (R)

• DECLARE (R)

• DEFAULT (R)

• DEFAULT_AUTH

• DEFINER

• DEFINITION

• DELAYED (R)

• DELAY_KEY_WRITE

• DELETE (R)

• DENSE_RANK (R)

• DESC (R)

• DESCRIBE (R)

• DESCRIPTION

• DETERMINISTIC (R)

• DIAGNOSTICS

• DIRECTORY

• DISABLE

• DISCARD

• DISK

• DISTINCT (R)

• DISTINCTROW (R)

• DIV (R)

• DO

• DOUBLE (R)

• DROP (R)

• DUAL (R)

• DUALITY

• DUMPFILE

• DUPLICATE

• DYNAMIC

E

• EACH (R)

• ELSE (R)

• ELSEIF (R)

• EMPTY (R)

• ENABLE

• ENCLOSED (R)

• ENCRYPTION

• END

• ENDS

• ENFORCED

• ENGINE

• ENGINES

• ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE

• ENUM

• ERROR

• ERRORS

• ESCAPE

• ESCAPED (R)

• EVENT

• EVENTS

• EVERY

• EXCEPT (R)

• EXCHANGE

• EXCLUDE

• EXECUTE

• EXISTS (R)

• EXIT (R)

• EXPANSION

• EXPIRE

• EXPLAIN (R)

• EXPORT

• EXTENDED

• EXTENT_SIZE

• EXTERNAL (R)

• EXTERNAL_FORMAT

F

• FACTOR

• FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS

• FALSE (R)

• FAST

• FAULTS

• FETCH (R)

• FIELDS

• FILE

• FILES

• FILE_BLOCK_SIZE

• FILE_FORMAT

• FILE_NAME

• FILE_PATTERN

• FILE_PREFIX

• FILTER

• FINISH

• FIRST

• FIRST_VALUE (R)

• FIXED

• FLOAT (R)

• FLOAT4 (R)

• FLOAT8 (R)

• FLUSH

• FOLLOWING

• FOLLOWS

• FOR (R)

• FORCE (R)

• FOREIGN (R)

• FORMAT

• FOUND

• FROM (R)

• FULL

• FULLTEXT (R)

• FUNCTION (R)

G

• GENERAL

• GENERATE

• GENERATED (R)

• GEOMCOLLECTION

• GEOMETRY

• GEOMETRYCOLLECTION

• GET (R)

• GET_FORMAT

• GET_SOURCE_PUBLIC_KEY

• GLOBAL

• GRANT (R)

• GRANTS

• GROUP (R)

• GROUPING (R)

• GROUPS (R)

• GROUP_REPLICATION

• GTIDS

• GTID_ONLY

• GUIDED

H

• HANDLER

• HASH

• HAVING (R)

• HEADER

• HELP

• HIGH_PRIORITY (R)

• HISTOGRAM

• HISTORY

• HOST

• HOSTS

• HOUR

• HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)

• HOUR_MINUTE (R)

• HOUR_SECOND (R)

I

• IDENTIFIED

• IF (R)

• IGNORE (R)

• IGNORE_SERVER_IDS

• IMPORT

• IN (R)

• INACTIVE

• INDEX (R)

• INDEXES

• INFILE (R)

• INITIAL

• INITIAL_SIZE

• INITIATE

• INNER (R)

• INOUT (R)

• INSENSITIVE (R)

• INSERT (R)

• INSERT_METHOD

• INSTALL

• INSTANCE

• INT (R)

• INT1 (R)

• INT2 (R)

• INT3 (R)

• INT4 (R)

• INT8 (R)

• INTEGER (R)

• INTERSECT (R)

• INTERVAL (R)

• INTO (R)

• INVISIBLE

• INVOKER

• IO

• IO_AFTER_GTIDS (R)

• IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R)

• IO_THREAD

• IPC

• IS (R)

• ISOLATION

• ISSUER

• ITERATE (R)

J

• JOIN (R)

• JSON

• JSON_TABLE (R)

• JSON_VALUE

K

• KEY (R)

• KEYRING

• KEYS (R)

• KEY_BLOCK_SIZE

• KILL (R)

L

• LAG (R)

• LANGUAGE

• LAST

• LAST_VALUE (R)

• LATERAL (R)

• LEAD (R)

• LEADING (R)

• LEAVE (R)

• LEAVES

• LEFT (R)

• LESS

• LEVEL

• LIBRARY (R)

• LIKE (R)

• LIMIT (R)

• LINEAR (R)

• LINES (R)

• LINESTRING

• LIST

• LOAD (R)

• LOCAL

• LOCALTIME (R)

• LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)

• LOCK (R)

• LOCKED

• LOCKS

• LOG

• LOGFILE

• LOGS

• LONG (R)

• LONGBLOB (R)

• LONGTEXT (R)

• LOOP (R)

• LOW_PRIORITY (R)

M

• MANUAL (R)

• MASTER

• MATCH (R)

• MATERIALIZED

• MAXVALUE (R)

• MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR

• MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR

• MAX_ROWS

• MAX_SIZE

• MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR

• MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS

• MEDIUM

• MEDIUMBLOB (R)

• MEDIUMINT (R)

• MEDIUMTEXT (R)

• MEMBER

• MEMORY

• MERGE

• MESSAGE_TEXT

• MICROSECOND

• MIDDLEINT (R)

• MIGRATE

• MINUTE

• MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)

• MINUTE_SECOND (R)

• MIN_ROWS

• MOD (R)

• MODE

• MODIFIES (R)

• MODIFY

• MONTH

• MULTILINESTRING

• MULTIPOINT

• MULTIPOLYGON

• MUTEX

• MYSQL_ERRNO

N

• NAME

• NAMES

• NATIONAL

• NATURAL (R)

• NCHAR

• NDB

• NDBCLUSTER

• NESTED

• NETWORK_NAMESPACE

• NEVER

• NEW

• NEXT

• NO

• NODEGROUP

• NONE

• NOT (R)

• NOWAIT

• NO_WAIT

• NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)

• NTH_VALUE (R)

• NTILE (R)

• NULL (R)

• NULLS

• NUMBER

• NUMERIC (R)

• NVARCHAR

O

• OF (R)

• OFF

• OFFSET

• OJ

• OLD

• ON (R)

• ONE

• ONLY

• OPEN

• OPTIMIZE (R)

• OPTIMIZER_COSTS (R)

• OPTION (R)

• OPTIONAL

• OPTIONALLY (R)

• OPTIONS

• OR (R)

• ORDER (R)

• ORDINALITY

• ORGANIZATION

• OTHERS

• OUT (R)

• OUTER (R)

• OUTFILE (R)

• OVER (R)

• OWNER

P

• PACK_KEYS

• PAGE

• PARALLEL (R)

• PARAMETERS

• PARSER

• PARSE_TREE

• PARTIAL

• PARTITION (R)

• PARTITIONING

• PARTITIONS

• PASSWORD

• PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME

• PATH

• PERCENT_RANK (R)

• PERSIST

• PERSIST_ONLY

• PHASE

• PLUGIN

• PLUGINS

• PLUGIN_DIR

• POINT

• POLYGON

• PORT

• PRECEDES

• PRECEDING

• PRECISION (R)

• PREPARE

• PRESERVE

• PREV

• PRIMARY (R)

• PRIVILEGES

• PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER

• PROCEDURE (R)

• PROCESS

• PROCESSLIST

• PROFILE

• PROFILES

• PROXY

• PURGE (R)

Q

• QUALIFY (R)

• QUARTER

• QUERY

• QUICK

R

• RANDOM

• RANGE (R)

• RANK (R)

• READ (R)

• READS (R)

• READ_ONLY

• READ_WRITE (R)

• REAL (R)

• REBUILD

• RECOVER

• RECURSIVE (R)

• REDO_BUFFER_SIZE

• REDUNDANT

• REFERENCE

• REFERENCES (R)

• REGEXP (R)

• REGISTRATION

• RELATIONAL

• RELAY

• RELAYLOG

• RELAY_LOG_FILE

• RELAY_LOG_POS

• RELAY_THREAD

• RELEASE (R)

• RELOAD

• REMOVE

• RENAME (R)

• REORGANIZE

• REPAIR

• REPEAT (R)

• REPEATABLE

• REPLACE (R)

• REPLICA

• REPLICAS

• REPLICATE_DO_DB

• REPLICATE_DO_TABLE

• REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB

• REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE

• REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB

• REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE

• REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE

• REPLICATION

• REQUIRE (R)

• REQUIRE_ROW_FORMAT

• RESET

• RESIGNAL (R)

• RESOURCE

• RESPECT

• RESTART

• RESTORE

• RESTRICT (R)

• RESUME

• RETAIN

• RETURN (R)

• RETURNED_SQLSTATE

• RETURNING

• RETURNS

• REUSE

• REVERSE

• REVOKE (R)

• RIGHT (R)

• RLIKE (R)

• ROLE

• ROLLBACK

• ROLLUP

• ROTATE

• ROUTINE

• ROW (R)

• ROWS (R)

• ROW_COUNT

• ROW_FORMAT

• ROW_NUMBER (R)

• RTREE

S

• S3

• SAVEPOINT

• SCHEDULE

• SCHEMA (R)

• SCHEMAS (R)

• SCHEMA_NAME

• SECOND

• SECONDARY

• SECONDARY_ENGINE

• SECONDARY_ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE

• SECONDARY_LOAD

• SECONDARY_UNLOAD

• SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)

• SECURITY

• SELECT (R)

• SENSITIVE (R)

• SEPARATOR (R)

• SERIAL

• SERIALIZABLE

• SERVER

• SESSION

• SET (R)

• SHARE

• SHOW (R)

• SHUTDOWN

• SIGNAL (R)

• SIGNED

• SIMPLE

• SKIP

• SLAVE

• SLOW

• SMALLINT (R)

• SNAPSHOT

• SOCKET

• SOME

• SONAME

• SOUNDS

• SOURCE

• SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION

• SOURCE_BIND

• SOURCE_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS

• SOURCE_CONNECT_RETRY

• SOURCE_DELAY

• SOURCE_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD

• SOURCE_HOST

• SOURCE_LOG_FILE

• SOURCE_LOG_POS

• SOURCE_PASSWORD

• SOURCE_PORT

• SOURCE_PUBLIC_KEY_PATH

• SOURCE_RETRY_COUNT

• SOURCE_SSL

• SOURCE_SSL_CA

• SOURCE_SSL_CAPATH

• SOURCE_SSL_CERT

• SOURCE_SSL_CIPHER

• SOURCE_SSL_CRL

• SOURCE_SSL_CRLPATH

• SOURCE_SSL_KEY

• SOURCE_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT

• SOURCE_TLS_CIPHERSUITES

• SOURCE_TLS_VERSION

• SOURCE_USER

• SOURCE_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL

• SPATIAL (R)

• SPECIFIC (R)

• SQL (R)

• SQLEXCEPTION (R)

• SQLSTATE (R)

• SQLWARNING (R)

• SQL_AFTER_GTIDS

• SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS

• SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS

• SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)

• SQL_BUFFER_RESULT

• SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)

• SQL_NO_CACHE

• SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)

• SQL_THREAD

• SQL_TSI_DAY

• SQL_TSI_HOUR

• SQL_TSI_MINUTE

• SQL_TSI_MONTH

• SQL_TSI_QUARTER

• SQL_TSI_SECOND

• SQL_TSI_WEEK

• SQL_TSI_YEAR

• SRID

• SSL (R)

• STACKED

• START

• STARTING (R)

• STARTS

• STATS_AUTO_RECALC

• STATS_PERSISTENT

• STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES

• STATUS

• STOP

• STORAGE

• STORED (R)

• STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)

• STREAM

• STRICT_LOAD

• STRING

• SUBCLASS_ORIGIN

• SUBJECT

• SUBPARTITION

• SUBPARTITIONS

• SUPER

• SUSPEND

• SWAPS

• SWITCHES

• SYSTEM (R)

T

• TABLE (R)

• TABLES

• TABLESAMPLE (R)

• TABLESPACE

• TABLE_CHECKSUM

• TABLE_NAME

• TEMPORARY

• TEMPTABLE

• TERMINATED (R)

• TEXT

• THAN

• THEN (R)

• THREAD_PRIORITY

• TIES

• TIME

• TIMESTAMP

• TIMESTAMPADD

• TIMESTAMPDIFF

• TINYBLOB (R)

• TINYINT (R)

• TINYTEXT (R)

• TLS

• TO (R)

• TRAILING (R)

• TRANSACTION

• TRIGGER (R)

• TRIGGERS

• TRUE (R)

• TRUNCATE

• TYPE

• TYPES

U

• UNBOUNDED

• UNCOMMITTED

• UNDEFINED

• UNDO (R)

• UNDOFILE

• UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE

• UNICODE

• UNINSTALL

• UNION (R)

• UNIQUE (R)

• UNKNOWN

• UNLOCK (R)

• UNREGISTER

• UNSIGNED (R)

• UNTIL

• UPDATE (R)

• UPGRADE

• URI

• URL

• USAGE (R)

• USE (R)

• USER

• USER_RESOURCES

• USE_FRM

• USING (R)

• UTC_DATE (R)

• UTC_TIME (R)

• UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)

V

• VALIDATION

• VALUE

• VALUES (R)

• VARBINARY (R)

• VARCHAR (R)

• VARCHARACTER (R)

• VARIABLES

• VARYING (R)

• VCPU

• VECTOR

• VERIFY_KEY_CONSTRAINTS

• VIEW

• VIRTUAL (R)

• VISIBLE

W

• WAIT

• WARNINGS

• WEEK

• WEIGHT_STRING

• WHEN (R)

• WHERE (R)

• WHILE (R)

• WINDOW (R)

• WITH (R)

• WITHOUT

• WORK

• WRAPPER

• WRITE (R)

X

• X509

• XA

• XID

• XML

• XOR (R)

Y

• YEAR

• YEAR_MONTH (R)

Z

• ZEROFILL (R)

• ZONE

MySQL 9.5 New Keywords and Reserved Words

다음 목록은 MySQL 8.4와 비교했을 때, MySQL 9.5에 추가된 keyword 및 예약어를 보여줍니다. 예약 keyword는 (R)로 표시됩니다.

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A

• ABSENT

• ALLOW_MISSING_FILES

• AUTO_REFRESH

• AUTO_REFRESH_SOURCE

D

• DUALITY

E

• EXTERNAL (R)

• EXTERNAL_FORMAT

F

• FILES

• FILE_FORMAT

• FILE_NAME

• FILE_PATTERN

• FILE_PREFIX

G

• GUIDED

H

• HEADER

L

• LIBRARY (R)

M

• MATERIALIZED

P

• PARAMETERS

R

• RELATIONAL

S

• STRICT_LOAD

U

• URI

V

• VECTOR

• VERIFY_KEY_CONSTRAINTS

MySQL 9.5 Removed Keywords and Reserved Words

다음 목록은 MySQL 8.4와 비교했을 때, MySQL 9.5에서 제거된 keyword 및 예약어를 보여줍니다. 예약 keyword는 (R)로 표시됩니다.

MySQL 8.4-9.5 사이에서 제거된 keyword는 없습니다.

MySQL 9.5 Restricted Keywords

일부 MySQL keyword는 예약어는 아니지만, 특정 상황에서는 반드시 따옴표로 감싸야 합니다. 이 절에서는 이러한 keyword의 목록을 제공합니다.

• Keywords which must be quoted when used as labels

• Keywords which must be quoted when used as role names

• Keywords which must be quoted when used as labels or role names

Keywords which must be quoted when used as labels

여기에 나열된 keyword는 MySQL 저장 프로그램에서 레이블로 사용할 때 반드시 따옴표로 감싸야 합니다:

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X

A

• ASCII

B

• BEGIN

• BINLOG

• BYTE

C

• CACHE

• CHARSET

• CHECKSUM

• CLONE

• COMMENT

• COMMIT

• CONTAINS

D

• DEALLOCATE

• DO

E

• END

F

• FLUSH

• FOLLOWS

H

• HANDLER

• HELP

I

• IMPORT

• INSTALL

L

• LANGUAGE

N

• NO

P

• PRECEDES

• PREPARE

R

• REPAIR

• RESET

• ROLLBACK

S

• SAVEPOINT

• SIGNED

• SLAVE

• START

• STOP

T

• TRUNCATE

U

• UNICODE

• UNINSTALL

X

• XA

Keywords which must be quoted when used as role names

여기에 나열된 keyword는 역할 이름으로 사용할 때 반드시 따옴표로 감싸야 합니다:

• EVENT

• FILE

• NONE

• PROCESS

• PROXY

• RELOAD

• REPLICATION

• RESOURCE

• SUPER

Keywords which must be quoted when used as labels or role names

여기에 나열된 keyword는 저장 프로그램에서 레이블로 사용하거나, 역할 이름으로 사용할 때 반드시 따옴표로 감싸야 합니다:

• EXECUTE

• RESTART

• SHUTDOWN